Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Akansus

Tarihin Rayuwa

Sidi Mohamed Ben Ahmed Akensous, wanda cikakken sunansa shi ne Sidi Mohamed Ben Ahmed Ben Sidi Mohamed Ben Younes Ben Mas‘oud al-Kansousi al-Qurashi al-Ja‘fari, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman Maroko na ƙarni na goma sha tara, kuma ɗaya daga cikin jagororin Tijaniyya. Masanin fikihu ne, marubucin adabi, masanin tarihi, masani a nazarin matani, kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya yi fice saboda yalwar iliminsa da kuma muhimmiyar rawar da ya taka wajen kare hanyar Tijaniyya.

Rayuwar Farko da Asali

An haife shi a ƙabilar Tinmart da ke yankin Souss a shekara ta 1211 bayan Hijira / 1796–1797 miladiyya.

Asalinsa yana komawa zuwa Ja‘far ɗan Abi Talib, ɗan uwan Annabi, shi ya sa ake masa nisba da al-Qurashi al-Ja‘fari. Saboda haka ya kasance daga gida mai daraja, wanda aka sani da matsayi a al’umma da kuma gādon ilimi.

Karatu

Ya fara karatunsa a zawiyar Nasiriyya a Tamgroute, inda ya haddace Alƙur’ani da manyan matani na asali. Daga baya ya yi tafiya zuwa Fas a shekara ta 1229 bayan Hijira domin ci gaba da karatu a Al-Qarawiyyine.

A Fas, ya yi karatu a hannun wasu daga cikin manyan malamai da fuqahā’un birnin. Ya zauna a makarantar Saffarine, kuma daga cikin bayanan da aka adana game da zaman nasa a can akwai cewa ɗakinsa yana kusa da ɗakin da al-Jazouli, marubucin Dala’il al-Khayrat, ya taɓa zama.

Ya ci gaba da gina iliminsa a Al-Qarawiyyine har zuwa shekara ta 1234 bayan Hijira, yana sadaukar da kansa gaba ɗaya ga karatu da ƙara zurfin fahimta.

Aikin Jama’a

A shekara ta 1234 bayan Hijira, Sultan Moulay Slimane ya kira shi ya kuma naɗa shi da farko a matsayin sakatari, sannan ya mai da shi minista a shekara ta 1235 bayan Hijira, alhali yana da shekaru 24 kacal. Ya ci gaba a wannan matsayi na tsawon shekaru uku kafin ya bar shi da kansa a shekara ta 1238 bayan Hijira, jim kaɗan bayan hawa mulkin Sultan Moulay Abd ar-Rahman ben Hisham.

Wannan mataki na rayuwarsa yana nuna matsayinsa na ilimi da kuma muhimmancinsa a harkokin gudanarwar Maroko.

Ayyuka

Sidi Mohamed Akensous ya rubuta ayyuka da dama a tarihi, adabi, ilimin harshe, fikihu da muhawarar ilimi. Daga cikin sanannun rubuce-rubucensa akwai:

• Al-Jaysh al-‘Aramram al-Khumasi fi Dawlat Awlad Mawlana ‘Ali as-Sijilmasi• Al-Jawab al-Muskit – martani ga waɗanda suka soki hanyar Tijaniyya ba tare da isasshen sani ba• Al-Hulal az-Zanjafuriyya• diwanu na waƙa da aka tsara bisa jerin haruffa• wani aiki a kan asalin zuriyar ‘ya’yan Ibn Idris• Al-Ajwiba at-Tunusiyya• Tashih al-Ghayth alladhi Insajama fi Sharh Lamiyyat al-‘Ajam• Al-Maqama al-Kansousiyya• wani risala a kan ilimin kimiyyan al-kimiya• wasiƙunsa zuwa ga minista Mohamed Ben al-Arabi al-Jam‘i• Khama’il al-Ward wan-Nisrin• Husam al-Intisar• Sharh Qasidat az-Zayyani• Al-Badi‘ fi ‘Ilm at-Ta‘dil• Tahqiq al-Qamus al-Muhit na al-Fayruzabadi

Aikinsa a kan Al-Qamus al-Muhit yana da muhimmanci ta musamman. Ya kwatanta matanin da kusan kwafe hamsin na amintattun rubutun hannu a cikin wani babban aikin bincike na lafuzzan harshe, wanda ya ɗauki sama da shekaru biyu, kuma aka kammala shi a shekara ta 1271 bayan Hijira / 1854 miladiyya.

Dangantakarsa da Tijaniyya

Sidi Mohamed Akensous ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman Tijaniyya. Silsilarsa a cikin ɗarikar ta wuce ta hannun manyan jagorori huɗu:

• Sidi Mohamed al-Ghali Abu Talib al-Hassani al-Idrissi• Sidi Mohamed (Fathan) Ben Abi an-Nasr al-‘Alawi as-Sijilmasi• Sidi Abdelwahab Ben at-Taoudi al-Fassi, wanda ake kira Ibn al-Ahmar• Sidi at-Tayyib Ben Mohamed as-Sufyani

Dukansu huɗu sun karɓa kai tsaye daga Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī, kuma suna daga cikin mafi kusancin almajiransa.

Dalilin Shigarsa Hanyar Tijaniyya

Shi da kansa ya bayyana cewa ya shiga hanyar Tijaniyya ne bayan ya ji a Fas game da girman falalar da Allah ya tanada wa mutanen wannan hanya, kuma bayan ya fahimci cewa ana gabatar da ita a matsayin hanyar tsantsar falalar Allah a wani zamani da mutane ba su ƙara iya riƙe cikakkiyar tarbiyyar ruhaniya ta mutanen farko ba.

Ya kuma ba da labarin irin tasirin da waliyyi mai jadhaba Sidi Ahmed al-Ghiwan ya yi a kansa, wanda ya dinga ƙarfafa shi ya shiga hanyar ma’rifar ruhaniya. Daga ƙarshe, an kai shi zuwa zawiyar Tijaniyya a ranar Juma’a, kuma da zarar ya shiga sai ya ji wani layi na waƙar ruhaniya wanda ya girgiza shi ƙwarai, ya kuma zama farkon shigarsa hanya cikin hukunci.

Siffarsa ta Ilimi da Ruhaniya

Sidi Mohamed Akensous ya haɗa fikihu, adabi, binciken lafuzzan harshe, tarihi, hidimar jama’a da kuma tarbiyyar ruhaniya. Saboda haka yana wakiltar cikakkiyar siffa: malami, ɗan siyasa, kuma mutum mai zurfin tushe a al’adar tasawwufi.

Rasuwa

Ya rasu a daren Talata, 28 Muharram 1294 bayan Hijira, kuma an binne shi a Marrakech, a wajen Bab ar-Robb, kusa da maqbarar Abu al-Qasim as-Suhayli.

Yana da shekaru 83 a lokacin rasuwarsa. Rasuwarsa ta zo kusan daidai bayan kwana arba’in kacal da rasuwar abokinsa kuma sahabinsa a hanya, Sidi Mohamed Belqassem Basri al-Meknassi, domin kwanaki 36 ne kawai suka raba rasuwarsu.

Gādo

Sidi Mohamed Akensous ya bar babban gādon ilimi, adabi, tarihi da ruhaniya. Har yanzu yana daga cikin manyan fitattun mutanen Maroko da suka iya haɗa ilimi, hidimar jama’a, kare akida da kuma zurfin riƙon al’adar Tijaniyya.