Sidi Muḥammad ibn al-Mashri al-Sāʾiḥī al-Ḥasanī

Tarihin Rayuwa

Sidi Mohamed Ibn Mashri, wanda cikakken sunansa shi ne Sidi Mohamed Ben Mohamed Ben al-Mashri al-Hassani as-Sa’ihi as-Seba‘i, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan fitattun mutanen farko na al’adar Tijaniyya, kuma ɗaya daga cikin almajiran Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī mafi fice. Malami ne, jagoran ruhaniya, masanin fikihu, kuma mai isar da ilimi. Ya yi suna saboda yalwar iliminsa, zurfin tarbiyyarsa ta ciki, da kuma matsayi na musamman da yake da shi a cikin mafi kusancin sahabban wanda ya kafa ɗarikar.

Rayuwar Farko da Asali

An haife shi a Takrit, wani wuri a yankin Constantine da ke arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya. Ba a san takamaiman shekarar haihuwarsa ba, amma majiyoyi suna sanya shi a tsakiyar ƙarni na goma sha biyu bayan Hijira, domin yana daga zamani ɗaya da Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī, kuma shekaru kaɗan ne kawai tsakaninsu.

Ya fito ne daga gida mai daraja da girma, mai alaƙa da zuriyar Awlad al-Sa’ih al-Seba‘iyyin, wato gida da aka sani da dangantaka da Annabi, albarka ta gado, da kuma karfin matsayi na ilimi da ruhaniya a cikin muhallinsu.

Halayya da Siffofi

An san Sidi Mohamed Ibn Mashri da kyakkyawar ɗabi’a, kamala a bayyanar sa, natsuwa da ƙarfin hali na ɗabi’a. Ya kasance mai karamci, mai haske a fuska, mai yawan annashuwa ta gari, kuma mai tsayawa sosai a kan gaskiya. Ya nisanci masu dukiya da iko, bai nuna sha’awa ga martabar duniya ba, kuma ya ƙi gulma da ƙarya sosai.

Ana kuma tuna shi da gaskiya, ladabi mai kyau, magana cikin natsuwa, ƙauna ga dalibansa da sahabbansa, da kuma jaruntaka wajen umarni da alheri da hani daga mummuna.

Karatu

An adana bayanai kaɗan ne kawai game da karatunsa na farko, amma majiyoyi suna nuna kaifin basirarsa, ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwarsa, da son ilimi tun yana ƙarami. Ya haddace Alƙur’ani a samartakarsa, sannan ya shiga zurfin karatu da himma da tsari.

Ya yi fice a fikihu, hadisi, shari’o’i, tauhidi, tarihin rayuwar Annabi da tarihi, har ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman yankinsa. Amma wani babban ɓangare na tarbiyyarsa ya samu ne ta hannun Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī, wanda a gare shi ya kasance malami, jagora, mai tarbiyya, kuma sahabi.

Ganawarsa da Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī

Ya haɗu da Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī a Tlemcen a shekara ta 1188 bayan Hijira, lokacin da shaykhin yake dawowa daga tafiyarsa mai albarka zuwa Hijaz. A lokacin wannan ganawa, shaykhin ya koyar da shi zikrori na hanyar Khalwati ta silsilarsa daga Sidi Mahmoud al-Kurdi, sannan ya ba shi wasu addu’o’i da asiran ruhaniya.

Wannan ganawa ta zama babban juyin juya hali a rayuwarsa. Shi kansa Ibn Mashri ya ɗauki wannan a matsayin mafi girman sauyi da ya taɓa samu, yana cewa bai fara fahimtar haƙiƙanin ilimomin zahiri da na baɗini ba sai bayan haɗuwarsa da shaykhin.

Matsayinsa a wajen Shaykh

Sidi Mohamed Ibn Mashri ya kasance cikin manyan almajiran Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī. Shaykhin yana girmama shi ƙwarai, yana yaba iliminsa, tarbiyyarsa, tsayuwarsa a kan madaidaiciya hanya da kyawawan halayensa, kuma yana nuna masa kulawa ta musamman da ƙauna.

Mafi muhimmanci, Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī ya naɗa shi ya riƙa jagorantar masa sallah a sallolin farilla biyar daga shekara ta 1197 bayan Hijira zuwa 1208 bayan Hijira, abin da ke nuna amincewa da daraja ta musamman.

Ya kuma raka shaykhin a tafiyarsa zuwa Fas, kuma sahabbancinsu ya ci gaba tsawon shekaru da dama cikin kusanci na musamman.

Zuhudu da Karimci

Ibn Mashri ya yi suna sosai saboda zuhudu, nisantar duniya da dogaro ga Allah. Bai taɓa yin aure ba, bai gina gida ba, kuma bai tara dukiya ba. Ya nisanci masu tasirin siyasa, kuma bai nuna sha’awa ga darajar duniya ba.

A lokaci guda kuma, ya kasance mai matuƙar karamci. Ya taimaki talakawa, ya tallafa wa masu buƙata, kuma ya kan bayar da duk abin da yake da shi. Rayuwarsa ta zama abin koyi na sadaukarwa, kamewa da dogaro na gaskiya ga Allah.

Hanyar Ruhaniya

Tasawwufi ya riga ya kasance cikin gādon iyalinsa, amma ganawarsa da Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī ta ba wannan ɓangare sabon zurfi mai bayyana rayuwarsa. Daga wannan lokaci, ya sadaukar da kansa ga mujahada, khalwa, tsarkake rai da kuma kaiwa ga haƙiƙar ciki.

Ta haka ne ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutanen da suka kai ga kamala a hanyar Tijaniyya, wanda aka san shi da tsanani a hanya, fahimta mai zurfi da matsayi mai ɗaukaka na ruhaniya.

Barinsa Fas zuwa Gabashin Sahara

Barinsa Fas zuwa yankin gabashin Sahara an fahimce shi a cikin majiyoyin Tijaniyya a matsayin abin da ya samo asali daga dalilai masu zurfi na ruhaniya, ba wai daga yanayi na zahiri kawai ba. Bisa ga al’ada, wannan hijira ta faru ne bisa umarnin shaykhinsa, kuma tana da alaƙa da halin ruhaniyarsa da kuma buɗe-buɗen da aka yi masa.

Wasu manyan marubutan Tijaniyya sun adana wannan fassara, suna jaddada ma’anar ciki da ta tanadin Ubangiji da ke tattare da tafiyarsa.

Ayyuka

Sidi Mohamed Ibn Mashri ya rubuta muhimman ayyuka da dama, ciki har da:

• Al-Jami‘ lima Iftaraqa min Durar al-‘Ulum al-Fa’ida min Bihar al-Qutb al-Maktum• Rawd al-Muhibb al-Fani fima Talaqqaynahu min Abi al-‘Abbas at-Tijani• Nusrat ash-Shurafa’ fi ar-Radd ‘ala Ahl al-Jafa’• Taqyid fi Salat al-Fatih Lima Ughliqa• Sharh Yaqutat al-Muhtaj fi as-Salat ‘ala Sahib al-Liwa’ wat-Taj

Waɗannan rubuce-rubuce suna nuna zurfin alaƙarsa da Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī da kuma muhimmiyar rawar da ya taka wajen adanawa da isar da gādon ilimi da ruhaniya na hanya.

Rasuwa

Bayan ya bar Fas zuwa Ain Madhi, bai yi tsawon zama a can ba, kusan shekara ɗaya kacal. Bayan rashin lafiya, rabuwa da kuma tsananin kewar shaykhinsa sun raunana shi, sai ya rasu a ranar Litinin, 1 Dhu al-Qa‘da 1224 bayan Hijira.

Rasuwarsa ta jawo baƙin ciki mai zurfi a cikin mutanen hanyar Tijaniyya, musamman ga Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī kansa, wanda ya aika wasiƙar ta’aziyya zuwa ga iyalinsa, abin da ya nuna irin ƙauna da girman da yake yi masa.

Gādo

Sidi Mohamed Ibn Mashri ya bar babban gādo a tarihin farkon Tijaniyya. Ana tuna shi saboda aminci ga shaykhin, ƙwarewa a ilimomin addini, zuhudu, karamci da zurfi a rayuwar ruhaniya. Har yanzu yana daga cikin manyan fitattun mutanen farkon da’irar Tijaniyya.