Skiredj Library of Tijani Studies
Da sunan Allah, Mai Rahama, Mai Jinƙai. Allah Ya yi salati Ya kuma ba da aminci ga shugabanmu Muhammadu, da iyalansa, da sahabbansa.
Daga cikin tambayoyin aiki da ake tattaunawa a cikin fikihun Tijaniyya akwai karanta Wazifa ga mamaci. Wannan batu a wasu lokuta ya haifar da ruɗani, musamman idan wasu masu karatu suka ci karo da gajerun maganganu ba tare da faɗaɗɗen mahallin ilimi da ke kewaye da su ba. Sai dai idan aka karanta rubuce-rubucen manyan hukumomi na hanyar Tijaniyya da kyau, sai hoto ya bayyana a sarari: malamai amintattu na hanya ba su ɗauki wannan aiki a matsayin haramun ba. A maimakon haka, maganganunsu sun ta’allaka ne kan halaccinsa, ainihin aiwatar da shi, ko amincewarsu ga waɗanda suka yi shi.
Wannan maqala tana fayyace batun ta hanya mai sauƙi kuma mai tsari, tare da tsayawa a kan fahimtar da aka ruwaito daga manyan hukuma-hukuman Tijaniyya.
Batun a taƙaice
Takamaiman tambayar a nan ita ce karanta Wazifar Tijaniyya ga mamaci, musamman kafin binne shi, domin albarkarta ta kai ga mamacin.
A wajen manyan malaman hanya, wannan aiki an san shi, an karɓe shi, kuma an yi aiki da shi a muhimman zagayen Tijaniyya. Tattaunawar ba ta kan ko gaba ɗaya ba shi da inganci; a’a, a kan yadda ya kamata a fahimce shi, da wane niyya ake yi, da yadda wasu ruɗanin daga baya suka taso.
Dalilin da ya sa wasu masu karatu ke ruɗewa
Wani ɓangare na ruɗanin yana fitowa ne daga sanannen zance na malami Sidi Ahmad Skiredj a cikin al-Yawaqit al-Ahmadiyya al-Irfaniyya. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da halaccin karanta Wazifa a jana’iza, sai ya fara da cewa Wazifa a wajen liyafa da jana’iza wani abu ne da ya zo daga baya
a cikin hanya, ba wani abu da aka sani a wannan siffa a lokacin rayuwar Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī ba, Allah Ya yarda da shi.
Idan aka karanta wannan jumla ita kaɗai, za ta iya bayyana kamar tana nuna ƙin yarda. Amma ba wannan ba ne cikakken amsa. Nan take bayan haka, sai ya bayyana cewa abin da aka saba yi a Fas shi ne a karanta ta a irin waɗannan al’amura ta hanyar tara ‘yan’uwa, kuma ya ƙara da cewa niyyar ita ce albarkarta ta kasance ga mamacin da kuma ga masu masaukin taron.
Wannan ɓangare na biyu muhimmi ne ƙwarai. Yana nuna cewa batun bai taɓa kasancewa ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin haramci mai sauƙin faɗi ba. A’a, an gane shi a matsayin al’adar da ta kafu a muhallin Tijaniyya na Fas.
Ma’anar “abin da aka saba yi a Fas” a zahiri
Idan malaman hanya suna nuni ga abin da aka saba yi a Fas, wannan ba al’adar zamantakewa ce kawai ta rashin tushe ko ikon dalili ba. A cikin mahallin Tijaniyya, yana nuni da farko ga abin da ake yi a Babbar Zawiyar Fas, wadda al’adarta mai rai ta samu siffa ne ta hannun manyan malamai, makusantan ɗalibai, da magada na hanya.
Waɗannan malamai ba mutane na gama-gari ba ne. Suna daga cikin waɗanda suka zauna kusa da Shaykh, suka koyi ilimi daga gare shi, suka amfana da shiriyarsa, kuma suka isar da koyarwarsa da tsantsar daidaito. Hukunce-hukuncensu na aiki suna da nauyi na gaske a fikihun Tijaniyya.
Saboda haka, lokacin da Sidi Ahmad Skiredj ya ambaci abin da aka kakkafa na Fas, yana nuni ne ga aiki da ya samu gindin zama a cikin rayuwar ilimi ta cibiyar Tijaniyya kanta.
Bambanci mai muhimmanci: jana’iza ba ɗaya take da liyafa ba
Daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa wannan batu zai iya bayyana mai ruɗani shi ne cewa wasu malamai sun tattauna Wazifa a wajen liyafa da jana’iza tare. Amma waɗannan wurare biyu ba iri ɗaya ba ne.
Karanta Wazifa ga mamaci kafin binne shi wani lamari ne. Karanta Wazifa a lokacin taron cin abinci bayan binne shi wani lamari ne dabam. Liyafa, walima, aqiqa, da abincin jana’iza ba duka suke ɗauke da hukunci ɗaya ba, ko niyya ɗaya, ko yiwuwar amfani ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.
Saboda haka wasu malamai sun yi suka ba ga ainihin ka’idar karanta Wazifa ga mamaci ba, sai dai ga wasu nau’o’in amfani na zamantakewa ko na nunawa da Wazifa a tarukan jama’a.
Abin da wasu malamai suka yi ƙin yarda da shi
Wani muhimmin bayani yana bayyana a rubuce-rubucen malaman Tijaniyya: ƙin yarda da wasu hukuma-hukuma ba ya nufin gajeren aikin karanta Wazifa ga mamacin masoyin hanya. Ainihin ƙin yarda shi ne mayar da Wazifa ta zama wani abu mai kama da al’adun biki-bikin jama’a na wasu ɗariku, musamman idan an yi ta domin nuna kai, neman suna, ko dalilai na duniya.
Sidi Muhammad ibn Yahya Balaminu al-Ribati ne ya rubuta wannan batu, inda ya bayyana cewa babban malami Sidi Muhammad al-Arabi ibn al-Sa’ih lalle ya amince da karanta Wazifa ga wanda ya rasu yana ƙaunar Shaykh da hanyarsa. Abin da
ya ƙi so kuwa wani salo ne dabam gaba ɗaya: tarukan da ake ɗaukar Wazifa a matsayin wani babban taron jama’a da aka ɗaure da tasirin zamantakewa, martaba, ko muradun duniya.
Wannan babban bambanci ne. Tambayar ba kawai ko an karanta Wazifa ba ce; a’a, tambayar ita ce: me ya sa, kuma ta wace hanya.
Wani tushen ruɗani: ƙara Haylala bayan Wazifa
Akwai kuma wani muhimmin daki-daki. A wasu taruka, mutane ba sa tsayawa a kan Wazifa. Bayan sun kammala ta, sai su ci gaba da Haylala a cikakkiyar siffarta ta jama’a, tare da zobe, tsari na motsi/bugu, da gina taro.
Wannan yana bayyana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da suka haifar da tsananin martanin wasu malamai, ciki har da Sidi Ahmad al-Abdalawi, wanda Sidi Ahmad Skiredj ya ambata. Rashin jin daɗin ba wai game da Wazifa kaɗai ba ne, sai dai game da tsawaita wannan lokaci zuwa wani nau’i dabam na zikiri na jama’a ta yadda bai dace da tarbiyyar (adabin) wannan lokaci ba.
Don haka, a nan ma, batun ya fi dabara fiye da tsarin amsa ta “eh ko a’a” mai sauƙi. Sukan sau da yawa ya shafi yadda taron ya kasance, ba ka’idar neman albarka ga mamaci ta hanyar Wazifa ba.
Aikin karanta Wazifa ga mamaci kafin binne shi
Idan tambayar ta takaitu musamman ga karanta Wazifa ga mamaci kafin binne shi, matsayin ya fi bayyana. Malaman hanya sun karɓi wannan aiki, kuma manyan hukuma-hukuma sun yi aiki da shi.
Sidi Ahmad Skiredj da kansa a ƙarshe ya goyi bayan halaccinsa bisa ga abin da aka kakkafa na Fas. Kuma malamai na baya sun tattauna batun da kalmomi mafi bayyana.
Shaidar Sidi Idris al-Iraqi
Daga cikin mafi ƙarfi nuni-nuni a kan wannan batu akwai malami Sidi Idris ibn Muhammad ibn al-Abid al-Iraqi, wanda ya yi bayani a kai da tsawo a littafinsa al-Risala al-Shafiya fi Fiqh al-Tariqa al-Ahmadiyya al-Tijaniyya. Ya tabbatar da halaccin karanta Wazifa ga mamaci, kuma ya bayyana tushensa a cikin koyarwa da fahimtar da aka ruwaito na hanya.
Wannan bayani nasa muhimmi ne, domin yana nuna cewa wannan ba al’ada ce ta wuri guda ba kawai. Batu ne da aka yi tunanin fikihu a kansa a cikin al’adar Tijaniyya kanta.
Matsayin Sidi Muhammad al-Arabi ibn al-Sa’ih
Ana kuma ambaton babban hukuma a Tijaniyya, Sidi Muhammad al-Arabi ibn al-Sa’ih, a matsayin hujja mai goyon bayan wannan aiki.An kawo rahoto ta hannun ingantattun maɓuɓɓugan Tijaniyya cewa, a lokacin da Sidi Qasim ibn Abd al-Salam Jassus ya riga mu gidan gaskiya, Ibn al-Sa’ih ya umarci ’yan’uwa da suke tare da shi a wajen da su yi gaggawa su tafi gidan marigayin, su karanta Wazifa gaba ɗaya a can.
Wannan rahoto na da muhimmanci ƙwarai, domin ba wai amincewa ce ta nazari kawai ba. Misali ne na zahiri na babban malamin hanya yana ba da umarni a karanta Wazifa domin mamaci.
Aiki a Rabat da Salé
Ba a takaita lamarin ga Fez ba. A cikin bayanan (notes) na masani a fikihu Sidi Hasan al-Tadili, an ambaci cewa al’adar Rabat da Salé ma ita ce a karanta Wazifa idan wasu ’yan’uwa ko masoya na hanya sun rasu. Wani lokaci ana karanta ta a sassauƙa, tare da rage maimaitawar Jawharat al-Kamal, amma asalin ƙa’ida ta ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya: ana karanta Wazifa ne domin albarkarta ta halarci mamacin.
Wannan yana nuna cewa wannan aiki ya shahara fiye da birni ɗaya, kuma ya zama ɓangare na rayayyen al’adun bauta na muhimman al’ummomin Tijaniyya.
Manufar da ke bayan wannan aiki
Malaman sun bayyana manufar karanta Wazifa ga mamaci a sarari: neman albarkar Wazifa ga mamacin, da kuma ga waɗanda suka taru a cikin gidan.
Wannan niyya tana da muhimmanci. Ba a ɗauki aikin a matsayin al’adar jama’a marar ma’ana ba. An danganta shi da baraka, rahama, ƙaunar mamaci, da biyayya ga hanya.
Saboda haka malamai da suka amince da shi sun yi hakan ne a cikin tsarin bauta (devotional framework), ba a matsayin wani wasan kwaikwayo na jama’a ko nuna kai na zamantakewa ba.
Shin manyan malamai sun yi sabani?
Idan mutum ya duba maganganun manyan malamai amintattu na hanya, ba zai tarar da wata ƙaƙƙarfar saɓanin akida (doctrinal dispute) kan halaccin karanta Wazifa ga mamaci, a ma’anar da ta dace ba. Matsayinsu yana cikin iyaka ƙanƙanta mai jituwa: ko dai sun bayyana halaccinta sarai, ko sun aikata ta, ko kuma sun yarda da waɗanda suka aikata.
Bambance-bambancen na gaske sun shafi wasu bayanai masu alaƙa: ko an gauraya ta da wasu nau’o’in taruwa, ko an yi ta a yanayin riya da nuna kai, ko kuma an karanta ta cikakkiya ko a taƙaice.
Wannan ya bambanta ƙwarai da a ce asalin aikin kansa malamai mashahuran hanya sun ƙi shi.
Kammalawa mai daidaito
Karatu mai zurfi na manyan hujjojin Tijaniyya yana kaiwa ga kammalawa mai daidaito:
An san karanta Wazifa ga mamaci a tsakanin manyan malamai na hanya.
An yi ta a muhimman cibiyoyin Tijaniyya kamar Fez, kuma an san ta a wurare irin su Rabat da Salé.
Manyan malamai kamar Sidi Ahmad Skiredj, Sidi Idris al-Iraqi, da rahotannin da suka shafi Sidi Muhammad al-Arabi ibn al-Sa’ih suna goyon bayan halaccinta.
Babban abin da wasu malamai suka yi suka a kansa ya ta’allaka ne ga amfani da ita ba daidai ba, musamman idan an mayar da Wazifa abin nuna jama’a, ko aka gauraya ta da wasu ibadoji na taro ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, ko aka yi amfani da ita domin niyyoyin duniya.
A takaice, tambayar ba wai shin ana iya karanta Wazifa ga mamaci a ƙa’ida ba ce. Amsar da manyan hujjojin hanya suka bayar ita ce: eh. Abin da ake tsoro na gaskiya shi ne a yi ta da niyya madaidaiciya, da adabi madaidaici, kuma ta hanyar da ta yi daidai da ruhin hanyar Tijaniyya.
Kalma ta ƙarshe
Karanta Wazifa ga mamaci ba al’ada ce ta gefe ko marar tushe a cikin aikace-aikacen Tijaniyya ba. Ta tsaya ne bisa shaidar malaman da aka san su, da gado-gadon aiki a muhimman cibiyoyin Tijaniyya, da manufar ibada ta neman albarka ga waɗanda suka rasu cikin ƙaunar Shaykh da hanyarsa.
Wannan ya isa ya tabbatar da lamarin cikin bayyananniya.
Allah Ya yi rahama ga mamatan, Ya karɓi addu’o’in rayayyu, kuma Ya tsayar da mutanen hanya a kan ilmi, adabi, da ikhlasi.
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